If you’re hauling horses for money, especially across state lines, the Department of Transportation (DOT) and Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) have rules you need to follow. These apply even to single-truck operations. Ignoring them can lead to fines or shutdowns.
1. Do You Need a USDOT Number?
If you transport horses commercially in a vehicle over 10,000 lbs or cross state lines for pay, you need a USDOT number. This number registers you with the FMCSA. It’s free and can be applied for online.
2. Do You Need an MC Number?
An MC (Motor Carrier) number is required if you’re a for-hire carrier crossing state lines. This means you haul someone else’s horses for payment. The MC number authorizes you to operate as a business under federal rules.
3. Drug & Alcohol Testing
If your vehicle requires a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL), you also need to enroll in a DOT-approved drug and alcohol testing program. This includes pre-employment testing and random ongoing testing.
4. Hours of Service (HOS) Logs
If your vehicle is over 10,000 lbs GVWR and you’re operating interstate, you must follow Hours of Service rules. This means logging your driving time, rest periods, and total hours worked. Many haulers use paper logs, but if your vehicle requires a CDL, you may need an ELD (Electronic Logging Device).
5. Driver Qualification Files
You’re required to keep a driver file that includes:
A copy of your driver’s license
Medical examiner’s certificate (DOT physical)
Driving record (MVR)
Employment history
These need to be kept updated and available in case of an audit.
6. Vehicle Maintenance Records
DOT requires proof of regular vehicle inspections and maintenance. Keep a file with service dates, repairs, and inspection checklists for each truck and trailer.
7. Marking Your Vehicle
Your truck must be clearly marked with your legal business name and USDOT number on both sides. The lettering must be visible from 50 feet away during daylight hours.
8. Safety Audits
All new entrants with a DOT number will be subject to a safety audit within the first 12 months. This is a paperwork review. You need to show you’re following the rules above.
Staying compliant with DOT and FMCSA rules is essential for avoiding fines and staying in business. These requirements may seem overwhelming, but once they’re in place, it’s mostly a matter of good recordkeeping and safe operation.