If you’re thinking about starting a horse transport business, you’ll need more than just a truck and trailer. To operate legally and safely, there are several steps you must take. Here’s what you need to know.
1. Choose a Business Name and Structure
Decide on a name and whether you’ll operate as a sole proprietor, LLC, or corporation. Many haulers choose an LLC for liability protection. Register your business with your state.
2. Get a USDOT Number
If you’re hauling horses across state lines for money, you’ll need a USDOT number from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). You can apply online at the FMCSA website.
3. Apply for Operating Authority (MC Number)
Most for-hire transporters also need an MC (Motor Carrier) number. This allows you to operate as a business transporting horses for others. If you’re staying in-state only, check with your state agency for local requirements.
4. Secure the Right Insurance
You’ll need liability insurance and cargo insurance that covers live animals. FMCSA requires a minimum level of coverage, but many horse owners expect more. Talk to insurance providers who specialize in equine transport.
5. Get a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) if Needed
Depending on the size and weight of your vehicle and trailer, you may need a CDL. The cutoff is usually 26,001 lbs GVWR (combined). Check your state’s CDL rules.
6. Keep a Driver Qualification File
You’ll need to keep records on your driving history, medical exams, and vehicle inspections. These are required if you have a DOT number and can be requested during an audit.
7. Register for IFTA and IRP if You Qualify
If you’re crossing state lines in a heavier rig (over 26,000 lbs), you’ll also need to register for the International Fuel Tax Agreement (IFTA) and International Registration Plan (IRP). These apply mostly to larger setups.
8. Prepare for Safety Audits and Compliance
Once you start operating, your business may be selected for a new entrant safety audit. Make sure your logs, inspections, and insurance are in order. Keep good records.
9. Know the Animal Welfare Rules
The USDA and some states have rules for humane livestock transport. Horses must be cared for properly during transit, including rest, feed, and ventilation.
Starting a legal horse transport business takes time and paperwork, but it sets the foundation for a real business. It also helps build trust with customers who want to know their animals are in good hands.